RESTORATION OF THE INSTITUTION OF THE PRESIDENT AND HIS PLACE IN THE STRUCTURE OF STATE BODIES IN THE THIRD POLISH REPUBLIC

Abstract

The restoration of the institution of the President on the basis of an amendment to the Constitution in April 1989 was associated with political reforms agreed upon by politicians during the Round Table, which for three years led to the emergence of a democratic political system in Poland. The president had to replace the Council of State, so to some extent he symbolized the political changes of the time. The presidency was established as an institution that guaranteed and regulated the evolutionary transformations from communist dictatorship to parliamentary democracy. The president's office was to replace the leading role of the Polish United Workers' Party in the state and was seen as a kind of "brake" for the overly radical actions of the parliament in which the opposition found its place. The presidency was introduced as an institution that guarantees and regulates evolutionary transformations from the communist dictatorship to parliamentary democracy. The President's office had to replace the leadership role of the Polish united labor party in the state and was perceived as a kind of "brake" for excessively radical actions of the parliament, in which the opposition found its place. The small constitution of 1992 put the president's office in a clearer constitutional framework. However, there was no holistic concept of the presidency, separate normative acts came out of various management models. Moreover, inaccuracies and uncertainty of many formulations have created the of various interpretations and methods of application. The challenge of the head of state was one of the most important problems with which the authors of the latest Constitution of the Republic of Poland in 1997. The finally adopted concept of the presidential office was the result of a long analysis of constitutional projects, which often interpreted the President Institute completely in different ways. Therefore, the President who guarantees the sovereignty and safety of the state, is a body that cooperates in this case with the Parliament and the Government. On the other hand, the President is a reserve force, if the Parliament and the Government will not be able to implement a policy that provides national security.