SCIENTIFIC AND HISTORICAL APPROACHES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRINCIPLES OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL STATUS OF RESPONSIBILITY IN THE INDIVIDUAL’S VITAL ACTIVITY

Abstract

The article highlights the results of a scientific and psychological study of the formation of the human responsibility principles. The relevance of the responsibility problem is caused by the depth of the human existence crisis in the conditions of a full-scale war against Ukraine. The Russian Federation disregards the norms of international law and agreements on the peaceful coexistence of states and peoples, and on the norms of waging war. The facts of committed brutality and crimes against humanity emphasize the problem of collective and personal responsibility. The phenomenon of responsibility is multi-vector and has many aspects, which is a consequence of the complex relationships between individuals, nations, and generations. Scope and forms of responsibility of the person and humanity in modern conditions require special scientific research. Based on the analysis of historical sources, it was found that in philosophy, the idea of responsibility is reflected in the context of the freedom (freedom of will, freedom of action, freedom of choice), duty and guilt. It is noted that responsibility traditionally extends to the consequences of human activity and has a status of a result or consequence in the structure of a moral act. In modern scientific investigations, the existential nature of responsibility is emphasized, which defines a new approach to its study – ontological-axiological. A. Schweitzer’s highlighted principle of human value and reverence for life gives rise to unlimited, "highest" responsibility for another life, which becomes a "natural norm". Increasing interest to its psychological component is due to clinical and psychoanalytical research, which proves the importance of the psychological factor in the responsibility phenomenon.